NCERT CLASS 8 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5 INDUSTRIES

 NCERT CLASS 8 GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 5 INDUSTRIES

1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What is meant by the term ‘industry’?

 Answer: Industry refers to the economic activity that involves the production of goods and services through the use of various resources like labour, capital, land, and entrepreneurship.

(ii) Which are the main factors which influence the location of an industry?

 Answer: The main factors which influence the location of an industry are as follows:

• Availability of raw materials
• Availability of labour
• Availability of capital
• Market demand
• Availability of transportation facilities
• Government policies

(iii) Which industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry and why? 

Answer: Iron and steel industry is often referred to as the backbone of modern industry because it provides the basic material needed for a variety of industries such as construction, automobiles, and machines. Without iron and steel, modern industries cannot exist.

(iv) Why cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai?

 Answer: Cotton textile industry rapidly expanded in Mumbai due to the following reasons:

• Availability of raw cotton from the hinterland of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
• Mumbai's port provided easy access to the markets of West Asia, Europe, and Africa, leading to the expansion of the industry.
• The city had a skilled workforce, which was employed in various textile mills.
• The British colonial government provided favorable policies and incentives to encourage the growth of the textile industry in Mumbai.

(v) What are the similarities between information technology industry in Bengaluru and California? Answer: The similarities between the information technology industry in Bengaluru and California are as follows:

• Both Bengaluru and California are centers for innovation and technological advancement in the field of IT.
• The IT industry in both places has a strong focus on research and development.
• Both places attract highly skilled professionals from all over the world.
• Both places have a large number of IT companies, startups, and incubators.

3. Distinguish between the following.

(i) Agro-based and mineral-based industry Answer:

Agro-based Industry	Mineral-based Industry
Uses agricultural raw materials	Uses mineral raw materials
Examples: sugar, tea, jute, cotton, paper, vegetable oil	Examples: iron and steel, cement, aluminum, petrochemicals
Dependent on climatic conditions	Not dependent on climatic conditions
Often located in rural areas	Often located in urban areas
Provides employment to a large number of people	Provides employment to a relatively small number of people

(ii) Public sector and joint sector industry Answer:

Public Sector Industry	Joint Sector Industry
Owned and operated by the government	Owned and operated by both the government and private individuals or companies
Examples: BHEL, SAIL, ONGC	Examples: Maruti Suzuki, Hero MotoCorp, Mahindra & Mahindra
Aims to serve the public interest	Aims to serve the public interest as well as the interests of private investors
More bureaucratic and less efficient	More efficient due to a combination of government control and private sector management
Provides job security and stability	Provides job security and performance-based incentives for employees