Ncert class 8 civics Chapter 9: PUBLIC FACILITIES

 Ncert class 8 civics Chapter 9: PUBLIC FACILITIES

1. Why do you think there are so few cases of private water supply in the world?

• Private water supply is not common because water is considered a basic human need and a public good.
• Governments generally take the responsibility of providing water to their citizens.
• Privatizing water supply can lead to issues of access, affordability, and quality control.

2. Do you think water in Chennai is available to and affordable by all? Discuss.

• The availability and affordability of water in Chennai are not equal for all.
• Some areas experience water scarcity and have to rely on private water tankers for supply, which can be expensive.
• Low-income households may have difficulty affording water bills or paying for private water sources.

3. How is the sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai affecting the local people? Do you think local people can object to such exploitation of ground water? Can the government do anything in this regard?

• The sale of water by farmers to water dealers in Chennai can lead to groundwater depletion, which can impact local people's access to water.
• Local people can object to this exploitation and advocate for sustainable water management practices.
• The government can regulate the sale of water and promote water conservation efforts.

4. Why are most of the private hospitals and private schools located in major cities and not in towns or rural areas?

• Major cities have a larger population and a higher demand for private healthcare and education services.
• Private hospitals and schools require a significant investment of resources, and investors tend to locate them in areas where they are likely to generate high returns on their investment.
• There may be a lack of infrastructure and facilities in towns and rural areas, making it difficult to establish and maintain private hospitals and schools.

5. Do you think the distribution of public facilities in our country is adequate and fair? Give an example of your own to explain.

• The distribution of public facilities in our country is not always adequate and fair.
• For example, rural areas often have limited access to healthcare, education, and other public facilities, while urban areas tend to have better access.
• The distribution of public facilities is often influenced by factors such as population density, economic development, and political power, which can lead to disparities in access and quality of services.

6. Take some of the public facilities in your area, such as water, electricity, roads and public transport. Is there scope to improve these? What in your opinion should be done? Complete the table.

Public Facility	Scope for Improvement	Suggested Actions
Water	Yes	1. Improve water supply infrastructure 2. Promote rainwater harvesting 3. Encourage water conservation practices
Electricity	Yes	1. Upgrade power generation and distribution systems 2. Promote renewable energy sources 3. Reduce power wastage
Roads	Yes	1. Repair and maintain existing roads 2. Build new roads where necessary 3. Promote public transportation and carpooling
Public transport	Yes	1. Increase number of buses and trains 2. Improve frequency and punctuality 3. Promote use of public transportation through awareness campaigns

7. Are the public facilities such as water, electricity, roads and public transport shared equally by all the people in your area? Elaborate.

No, the public facilities such as water, electricity, roads and public transport are not shared equally by all people in the area. There are several factors that contribute to this inequality, such as economic status, geographic location, and social status. For example, people living in rural areas may have less access to reliable electricity and public transportation than people living in urban areas. Similarly, people with higher income may have better access to water and roads than those with lower income. This inequality in access to public facilities needs to be addressed through policies and initiatives that promote equitable distribution.

8. Data on some of the public facilities are collected as part of the Census. Discuss with your teacher when and how the Census is conducted.

The Census is a nationwide survey conducted every 10 years in India. It is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India, under the Ministry of Home Affairs. The Census collects demographic and socioeconomic data about the population, including information about public facilities such as water, electricity, roads and public transport. The Census is conducted through a door-to-door survey where trained enumerators visit each household to collect the required information. The data collected from the Census is used by the government to plan and implement policies related to public facilities, among other things.

9.      What is the trend in the establishment of private educational institutions in the country?

Private educational institutions such as schools, colleges, universities, technical and vocational training institutes are increasing rapidly in our country.

In contrast, government-run educational institutes are losing their significance.

This trend may have several impacts on education in the country. Some potential impacts include:

• Access to education: Private educational institutions often charge higher fees compared to government-run institutions, making education less accessible to those from lower-income backgrounds.
• Quality of education: Private institutions may focus more on profit-making and may not prioritize the quality of education as much as government-run institutions. However, some private institutions may offer higher-quality education due to better resources and infrastructure.
• Equality in education: The growth of private institutions may exacerbate existing inequalities in education, as those who can afford to pay for private education may have an advantage over those who cannot.
• Role of government: With the decline in the importance of government-run educational institutes, the role of the government in education may be reduced, potentially leading to a shift in priorities and resources.

Overall, the impact of the trend towards private educational institutions will depend on several factors, including the quality of education offered, the accessibility of education for all, and the role of the government in education.