NCERT CLASS 8 HISTORY THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1870-1947

 NCERT CLASS 8 THE MAKING OF THE NATIONAL MOVEMENT 1870-1947

1. Why were people dissatisfied with British rule in the 1870s and 1880s?

• British rule in India was exploitative, with high taxes and heavy economic burdens on the people.
• The introduction of new revenue systems led to the loss of land and displacement of peasants.
• The British disregarded Indian culture and tradition, which angered many Indians.
• The discriminatory policies of the British towards Indians, such as the racial segregation in railways and other public spaces, also caused resentment.

2. Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?

• The Indian National Congress wished to speak for all Indians, regardless of their caste, religion, or language.
• It aimed to represent the interests of the Indian people and promote their political, social, and economic rights.

3. What economic impact did the First World War have on India?

• The First World War had a severe economic impact on India, as the British government requisitioned resources and money from India to fund the war.
• This led to inflation, high taxes, and a shortage of food, causing widespread hardship and suffering among the Indian people.

4. What did the Muslim League resolution of 1940 ask for?

• The Muslim League resolution of 1940 asked for the creation of a separate Muslim state in India, which would be called Pakistan.

5. Who were the Moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule?

• The Moderates were a group of leaders within the Indian National Congress who believed in using constitutional methods to achieve their goals.
• They proposed to struggle against British rule through peaceful protests, petitions, and negotiations.

6. How was the politics of the Radicals within the Congress different from that of the Moderates?

• The Radicals within the Congress were more radical in their approach to fighting British rule, and believed in using more forceful methods such as boycotts, strikes, and mass protests.
• They were also more inclusive in their approach, seeking to represent the interests of all Indians, including the poor and marginalized.

7. Discuss the various forms that the Non-Cooperation Movement took in different parts of India. How did the people understand Gandhiji?

• The Non-Cooperation Movement took various forms in different parts of India, including boycotts of foreign goods, picketing of liquor shops, and strikes.
• People understood Gandhi as a leader who advocated for non-violent resistance and peaceful protests against British rule.

8. Why did Gandhiji choose to break the salt law?

• Gandhi chose to break the salt law as a symbolic act of defiance against British rule, which had a monopoly on salt production and heavily taxed the sale of salt.
• He led the Salt March in 1930, which was a peaceful protest that mobilized thousands of Indians and gained international attention.

9. Discuss those developments of the 1937-47 period that led to the creation of Pakistan.

• The demand for a separate Muslim state grew stronger during this period, as many Muslims felt that they were not adequately represented within the Indian National Congress.
• The British also supported the Muslim League's demand for a separate state, as they believed it would make it easier for them to maintain control over India.
• The partition of India in 1947 led to the creation of Pakistan as a separate state for Muslims, and India as a secular state for all other religions.