NCERT CLASS 8 HISTORY CHAPTER 5 WHEN PEOPLE REBEL 1857 AND AFTER

 NCERT CLASS 8 HISTORY CHAPTER 5 WHEN PEOPLE REBEL 1857 AND AFTER

1. What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?

Rani Lakshmibai demanded that her adopted son be recognized as the rightful heir to the throne of Jhansi after her husband's death. However, the British refused to recognize her son's claim and instead annexed Jhansi, which led to the rebellion of 1857.

2. What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?

The British enacted laws and policies to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity, such as the right to inherit property and the protection of their religious beliefs. They also used the conversion of Indians as a way to divide and rule, as converted Indians were given better opportunities and positions than their non-Christian counterparts.

3. What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?

The sepoys objected to the new cartridges that were greased with animal fat, as it went against their religious beliefs. The cartridges had to be bitten off before being loaded into the rifle, which meant that the sepoys would have to bite into the fat of cows or pigs, which were considered sacred or taboo animals respectively.

4. How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?

The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar, lived the last years of his life in exile in Rangoon, Burma (now Myanmar), after being exiled by the British following the rebellion of 1857. He died there in 1862 at the age of 87.

5. What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?

The British were confident about their position in India before May 1857 due to various factors, such as their superior military power, the divisions and weaknesses of Indian society, the support of many Indian rulers, and their economic and political control over the country.

6.      What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have on the people and the ruling families?

Bahadur Shah Zafar's support to the rebellion gave it legitimacy and helped to unite different groups and regions under a common cause. His involvement also made the rebellion a symbol of resistance against British rule and sparked nationalist sentiments among the people. However, his support was also limited, as he was a figurehead and had little control over the rebellion.

7. How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?

The British succeeded in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh through a combination of military force, diplomacy, and divide and rule tactics. They also promised amnesty to those who surrendered and punishment to those who continued to resist.

8. In what ways did the British change their policies as a result of the rebellion of 1857?

As a result of the rebellion of 1857, the British changed their policies in various ways. They abolished the East India Company and established direct British rule in India. They also implemented policies of divide and rule, whereby they used religion and caste to maintain their control. Additionally, they introduced various reforms aimed at modernizing and westernizing Indian society, such as the introduction of English education and the development of infrastructure.