NCERT CLASS 9 HISTORY CHAPTER 3: NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER

 NCERT CLASS 9 HISTORY CHAPTER 3: NAZISM AND THE RISE OF HITLER

1. What were the problems faced by the Weimar Republic?

• The Weimar Republic faced a number of problems such as economic instability, political instability, social unrest, and hostility from both the extreme left and right political groups.
• The country was burdened with war reparations, inflation and unemployment.
• The Treaty of Versailles stripped Germany of its territories and resources, leading to resentment among the German people.

2. Why did Nazism become popular in Germany by 1930?

• Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930 due to a combination of factors such as the economic depression, political instability, and social unrest.
• The Nazi Party used propaganda and promises of economic stability and national pride to appeal to the German people.
• Hitler's charismatic personality and strong leadership skills also played a role in the party's success.

3. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?

• Nazi thinking is characterized by a strong belief in Aryan supremacy and the inferiority of other races, particularly Jews.
• The Nazis believed in the need for a strong, centralized government, led by a dictator, to restore Germany's power and prestige.
• The party also promoted militarism and expansionism as a means to achieve its goals.

4. How was Nazi propaganda effective in creating a hatred for Jews?

• Nazi propaganda used negative stereotypes and falsehoods to depict Jews as a threat to German society.
• The propaganda was disseminated through various mediums such as newspapers, films, posters, and rallies, and was designed to manipulate the emotions of the German people.
• The constant repetition of anti-Semitic messages and the blaming of Jews for Germany's problems contributed to the development of widespread prejudice and hatred towards Jews.

5. What role did women have in Nazi society? Compare and contrast the role of women in the French Revolution.

• Women in Nazi society were encouraged to focus on traditional roles such as homemaking and child-rearing. They were expected to support their husbands and raise large families to increase the German population.
• Women were excluded from most professional and political roles and were discouraged from pursuing higher education.
• In contrast, women in the French Revolution played a more active role in politics and society, particularly during the period known as the Reign of Terror.
• Women in revolutionary France were involved in political clubs, wrote political pamphlets, and participated in protests and demonstrations.

6. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?

• The Nazi state sought to establish total control over its people through various means such as propaganda, censorship, and repression of political dissent.
• The party used the Gestapo and other secret police forces to suppress opposition and maintain order.
• The Nazis also established a cult of personality around Hitler, portraying him as a messiah-like figure who could solve all of Germany's problems.
• Schools, universities, and the media were brought under Nazi control, ensuring that only the party's ideology was taught and disseminated.