Important questions with answers.
1. Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in the industry. Do you agree?
Answer: Yes, modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in the industry. Modern farming methods include scientific machines and implements like tractors, electric pump, tube wells, etc. Also, modern farming requires a high yielding variety of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides,, etc. All these are manufactured in the industry.
2. Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Answer: Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation. In order to raise productivity, it is not possible to increase the area of cultivable land as land is scarce in supply. The only option left with us is to increase the area under irrigation. In a country like India, agriculture is mostly dependent on rainfall. So, in the absence of rainfall, productivity will be very less. So it is important to increase the area under irrigation.
3. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Answer: There are different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land. Some of the ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are discussed below:
(i) Multiple cropping: When more than one crop is grown on a single piece of land during a particular year, it is called multiple cropping. In a country like India, where there is a scarcity of land, two or three crops are grown in a single year to increase the productivity of the land.
(ii) Using HYV seeds: Using HYV seeds results in increasing production by many times. States li Punjab and Haryana have greatly benefitted by using HYV seeds. It started with the Green Revolution in the late 1960s where Indian farmers used HYV seeds in the cultivation of wheat and rice.
(iii) Using fertilizers: The use of fertilizers( both natural and chemical) helps a lot in increasing the productivity of a particular piece of land. Fertilizers increase the fertility of the soil and thus it increases the productive capacity of the soil.
(iv) Pesticides: Pesticides are chemicals that help to kill the pest or insects that destroy the crops and thus it results in optimum production.
(v) Irrigation: Proper irrigation system helps to increase production by supplying water to the fields even in dry seasons and this stimulates production all throughout the year. The irrigation system includes dams, use of electricity to pump water through water pump sets, canals, etc.
(vi) Use of machinery: Machines such as tractors, harvester, etc can do a lot of work efficiently and at a small duration of time thus stimulating large scale production.
4. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Answer: Medium and large farmers obtain the capital for farming by taking a loan from the banks, They also get the required capital for farming from the savings f the previous session.
On the other hand, small farmers cannot get the loan from the banks as they cannot give the bank security for the loan. They also don't have the savings of the previous year. Thus they have to depend on the money lenders for the loan. But as the moneylender charge a high rate of interest, the profit margins for the small farmers is very low and they have to again depend on the moneylender for money in the next year and this continues year after year.
5. What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?
Answer: There are various ways to increase the non-farm activities in the villages. Some of them are discussed below.
(i) Setting up of small scale manufacturing industry in the villages will stimulate employment opportunities in industries leading to several other non-farm activities.
(ii) If a proper transportation system is developed from villages to towns and cities, various non-farm activities in the village will start.
(iii) If proper training facilities are provided to the village people regarding the use of various machinery, various non-farm activities will gradually start in the village.
(iv) The government by providing funds for the village people to undertake different production activity, the non-farm activities in the village can be increased.
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