NCERT CLASS 8 HISTORY CHAPTER 7: CIVILISING THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION

NCERT CLASS 8 HISTORY CHAPTER 7: CIVILISNG THE “NATIVE”, EDUCATING THE NATION

3. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?

Answer: Reasons why William Jones felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law

William Jones, a British judge and scholar, felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law for several reasons, including:

• His interest in the diversity and richness of Indian culture and civilization.
• The need to understand the legal and social systems of India, which he believed could provide insights into the workings of the British colonial administration.
• The desire to promote cultural exchange and mutual understanding between Britain and India.

4. Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?

Answer: Reasons why James Mill and Thomas Macaulay thought that European education was essential in India

James Mill and Thomas Macaulay, two British administrators and thinkers, believed that European education was essential in India for several reasons, including:

• The need to create a class of Indians who would be loyal to British colonial rule and assist in the administration of the country.
• The belief that European education would lead to the modernization and development of India, and help Indians to overcome their traditional customs and beliefs.
• The assumption that European culture and knowledge were superior to Indian culture and knowledge.

5. Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?

Answer: Reasons why Mahatma Gandhi wanted to teach children handicrafts

Mahatma Gandhi believed that teaching children handicrafts was important for several reasons, including:

• The promotion of self-reliance and self-sufficiency, which were essential for India's economic and social development.
• The revival of traditional handicrafts, which had been suppressed and undermined by British colonial policies.
• The development of skills and creativity among children, which would help them to become productive and responsible citizens.

6. Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?

Answer: Reasons why Mahatma Gandhi thought that English education had enslaved Indians

Mahatma Gandhi believed that English education had enslaved Indians for several reasons, including:

• The emphasis on English language and culture, which undermined the Indian cultural identity and created a sense of inferiority and dependency.
• The promotion of Western values and ideas, which led to the rejection of Indian traditions and beliefs.
• The association of English education with the colonial administration and the exploitation of India's resources and people.